Science: News and Articles
Concept of a Modern Industrial Organic Product Production System
1. Introduction: The Concept of Biocycle and Problem Relevance
Note: Creating sustainable production where economic indicators grow through increased soil fertility is considered the priority path to ecologization.
Modern science defines BIOCYCLE as a life domain, the highest unit of ecological subdivision of the terrestrial and aquatic parts of the biosphere: land, oceans, and continental water bodies. Within the biosphere, which determines all global processes of energy, heat, and mass exchange, biocycles are formed at local and regional levels, which actually determine the biocycles of agricultural production.
Today, the negative consequences of a negligent attitude toward ecological requirements for human activity on earth have been sufficiently well studied and recognized. On one hand, it must be understood that any farmer engaged in agricultural production must achieve high economic efficiency, meaning high productivity in crop or livestock farming. On the other hand, it is intolerable when intensification of agricultural production is accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic pollution.
Therefore, the creation of sustainable production, in which economic indicators grow primarily through increased soil fertility, can be considered a relevant and well-founded direction.
2. Pathways for Agricultural Intensification
Note: Intensification in the proposed logic relies on biotechnologies and reduced dependence on mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
Intensification of agricultural production can only be achieved through:
- modern biotechnologies,
- changes in land use structure involving the inclusion of leguminous crops and green manures in rotation,
- sharp reduction in energy costs, volumes of mineral fertilizers and pesticides applied,
- implementation of biotechnologies in genetics, feeding, and animal husbandry,
- production of organic fertilizers.
The principles of biological farming were most fully and definitively formulated at the beginning of the last century by Japanese naturalist M. Okada, who placed consumer health first. However, at the same time, this is not accepted as an alternative to economics and volumes of food production.
3. Proposed Solution
Note: The key condition is a high degree of biologization of all stages of a closed system that excludes harmful waste and emissions.
The solution lies in organizing organic product manufacturing using industrial methods.
Numerous modern studies show that the only comprehensive solution is that new methods of organic product manufacturing require recognition of a high degree of biologization of all stages of a closed system, excluding harmful waste and emissions, as a mandatory factor.
Only a high degree of biologization of all stages can meet the numerous and very specific requirements for implementing the principles of organic production.
4. Limitations of Traditional Organic Production
Note: Traditional approaches are often associated with high manual labor costs and reduced yields when abandoning pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
Current organic product manufacturing practices, based on traditional technologies, are typical for small enterprises and farms with a large volume of manual labor. At the same time, significant yield losses due to the rejection of pesticides and chemical fertilizers are accepted as given. As a result, organic product prices are higher compared to conventional product prices.
5. Scientific Foundation
Note: The effect of microbiological feed additives is enhanced in a closed cycle, when microorganisms continue their activity in the soil after manure application.
Currently, there are numerous scientific developments in the biologization of crop and livestock farming.
In livestock farming, feed additives - microorganism concentrates - are successfully used. However, only in a closed production cycle do microorganisms used in feed additives move with manure to the fields and continue their beneficial activity in the soil.
6. Industrial Method of Organic Product Manufacturing
Note: The vector of microbiological influence is set at each stage of the biocycle; non-pathogenic microorganisms obtained by fermentation of pure cultures are used.
An industrial method of organic product manufacturing is proposed, where the entire production BIOCYCLE, consisting of 4 independent parts:
- crop farming
- feed production
- production and processing of organic products
- production of bio-organic fertilizers
operates under the influence of various introduced microbiological communities - concentrates of natural microorganisms. Thus, in this closed system as a whole, the necessary vector of microbiological influence is created at each stage. At the same time, all microorganisms involved in production are non-pathogenic, obtained by fermentation of pure cultures, and producing maximum effect at each individual stage. Ideally, this means creating a probiotic environment throughout the entire organic product manufacturing process.
7. Key System Components
Note: The system includes crop production, feeds, product manufacturing, and biofertilizers, as well as a separate block for microbiological preparations.
Cultivated Areas (Organic Farming)
- grain, leguminous, and vegetable crops.
Fertilizers
- Bio-organic fertilizer production
- liquid, dispersed, and granulated bio-organic fertilizers.
Production of Microbiological Feed Additives and Biofertilizers
- Nitragin KM, ProStor, Fitos, Laktovit, Sanait, Baziltoks, Biogor-KM
Feed Production and Crop Product Processing
- compound feed production;
- haylage and silage preparation;
- logistics center for vegetables;
Organic Product Manufacturing
- dairy products
- poultry, livestock, and fish meat.
8. Schematic Design of the BIOCYCLE KM System
Note: Large-scale organic production in a closed zero-waste cycle is possible with the influence of BIOCYCLE KM at all stages.
An industrial, large-scale method of organic product manufacturing in a specialized, closed, and zero-waste production is possible only through organizing a powerful influence of effective BIOCYCLE KM microorganisms at all production stages. In this BIOCYCLE, we will achieve high efficiency and consequently lower prices for organic products, their higher quality, and sustainable development of all production without time limitations (in connection with changes in the quality of land used, irrigated with effluent using current technologies).
The schematic design for implementing the industrial method of organic product manufacturing BIOCYCLE KM is realized in 5 blocks of a closed production cycle:
- Crop production block, consisting of production cultivated areas;
- Feed production block, consisting of compound feed production, hay and haylage production and storage, logistics center, vegetable processing and storage, food grain processing;
- Organic product manufacturing block, consisting of cattle farms and outdoor exercise areas designed to meet welfare requirements, deep milk processing facility, slaughter and meat processing facility, cattle breeding stock sales service;
- Bio-organic fertilizer production block, consisting of installations for producing liquid and dispersed biofertilizers and composts;
- Microbiological feed additives, fertilizers, and preparations production block, consisting of production of ProStor, Bacitox, Laktovit, Sanait, Silant, Biogor-KM, Nitragin-KM.
9. Detailed Description of the Crop Production Block
Note: Pre-sowing seed treatment and vegetative mass treatment with microorganism concentrates are considered key tools for stimulation and bioprotection.
The volume of crop products in the range of forage raw materials for livestock farming is determined by the planned production volume, for example, milk. The crop production block may include production of a range of organic vegetables and fruits, taking into account the possible production of organic fertilizers made from effluent and solid animal waste.
After making decisions about acreage and crop range, pre-sowing treatment of all seeds is carried out with microorganism concentrates that include both plant growth stimulants and biological plant protection agents. During plant growth, the vegetative part is treated 2-3 times with Biogor-KM biopreparation and biological plant protection agents. In the subsequent period, fields are treated with Biogor-KM preparation for decomposition of root residues, soil structuring, and elimination of pathogenic microorganisms present there.
Crop rotation must be designed so that there is constant replenishment of active ingredients (NPK) and soil organic matter. For this purpose, leguminous grasses inoculated with the Nitragin-KM nitrogen fixer and green manure crops returning 5-10 tons of green biomass to the soil annually are used. Stimulation of plant development and their biological protection allows obtaining high yields of more valuable products (increased protein, reduced nitrate and heavy metal salt content).
10. Unique System Capabilities
Note: Additional organic crop production is linked to the systematic application of inoculation (Nitragin-KM) and green manuring in the presence of highly active fertilizers.
From the perspective of organic product manufacturing in the examined closed livestock-crop farming system, unique opportunities exist for additional organic crop production.
This is possible if, alongside the delivery of liquid and solid highly active organic fertilizers to the fields, maximum attention is given to the production of legumes with inoculation using the "Nitragin-KM" preparation and green manure crops.
We believe this is the only real opportunity for organizing large-scale production of organic crop products (e.g., vegetables, fruits, etc.). It is precisely this solution that allows directing additional quantities of organic fertilizers toward the production of organic products that are removed from the cycle for processing.
11. Conclusion
Note: It is emphasized that the biopreparations were developed, tested, and are manufactured by LLC "NTC BIO" and are used at leading farms.
All biopreparations discussed in the presented material were developed, tested, and are manufactured by LLC "NTC BIO." All of them have high, proven effectiveness and are used at leading agricultural enterprises.
The BIOCYCLE KM system represents an enhancement of the biological factor in classical biological farming, which is dynamically developing in the Belgorod Region.
References
- Patent for invention IPC A61K No. 2451516. Authors: A.A. Belokova et al. Published 05/27/2012.
- Patent for invention IPC C12N1/20 No. 2347800. Authors: V.N. Afanasyev et al. Published 02/27/2009.
- Patent for invention IPC C05F No. 2374211. Authors: V.G. Pravdin et al. Published 11/27/2009.
- Patent for invention IPC A23K No. 2412612. Authors: V.G. Pravdin et al. Published 02/27/2011.
- Patent for invention IPC A23K No. 2433738. Authors: V.G. Pravdin et al. Published 11/20/2011.
- Patent for invention IPC A23K No. 2477614. Authors: V.G. Pravdin et al. Published 03/20/2013.
- Patent for invention IPC C12N No. 2499829. Authors: V.G. Pravdin et al. Published 05/31/2012.
Supplementary Material
IMPROVING SOIL FERTILITY WITH HUMATE
Note: A 0.1% decrease in humus leads to a grain yield reduction of 0.8-1 c/ha under equal natural-economic conditions.
How to improve the fertility of arable lands
Soil fertility is its ability to provide plants with water, nutrients, air, and create favorable conditions for growth and development, the result of which is the crop yield. The main fertility indicator is humus content, the most important component of soil organic matter. Over the past 15 years, average humus content in Russia has decreased by 0.4%. A 0.1% decrease in this indicator leads to a grain yield reduction of 0.8-1 c/ha under equal natural-economic conditions.
At the same time, each percent of humus in the soil allows plants to use 20-30 kg of nitrogen per hectare. In modern agriculture, most of the yield is formed through mobilization of soil fertility without compensation of nutrients removed with the harvest; as a result, humus is destroyed and the soil becomes depleted. This is confirmed by agrochemical survey data.
Enrichment of soil organic matter
Worldwide, territories with actively developing erosion processes are significantly expanding. Soil depleted of organic matter has intensified migration processes